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PARTS OF
SPEECH
1. NOUN
A noun is the name of a
person, place, thing, idea, or quality.
Examples: John, Mary,
boy, girl, children; Pasadena, CEC; classrooms, notebooks; freedom,
intelligence; hope, anger, joy
2. PRONOUN
A pronoun is usually a substitute for a noun.
The noun is called the "antecedent" (but an indefinite pronoun has no
antecedent).
Examples:
a. Personal pronouns:
I, mine, me; you, yours; he, his, him; she, hers, her; it, its; we, ours, us;
they, theirs, them.
b. Interrogative
pronouns: who, whose, whom, which, what
c. Relative pronouns
(include): who, who, whose, which, that; whoever, whomever, whichever
d. Demonstrative
pronouns: this, that, these, those
e. Indefinite pronouns
(include): all, another, any, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either,
everybody, everyone, everything, many, neither, nobody, no one, none, one,
others, some, somebody, someone, such
f. Intensive or
reflexive pronouns: myself, yourself, himself,
herself, itself, ourselves, themselves
3. VERB
A verb expresses an action
or a condition (a state of being).
Examples: Robert will
eat the hamburger. (action) Sara is happy. (condition or
state of being)
Robert
won’t eat the hamburger. Sara isn’t happy.
Will
Robert eat the hamburger? Is Sara happy?
4. ADVERB
An adverb describes a
verb, adjective, or other adverb. Adverbs usually tell how (for example:
slowly), when (e.g., lately), where (e.g., there), how much (e.g., very), or why
(e.g., therefore).
Example: He always
chews his gum loudly.
5. ADJECTIVE
An adjective describes or
limits a noun.
Examples: tall, young,
pretty, light, blue, new, white (The tall, young, pretty girl is wearing a
light blue dress with her new white shoes.) (NOT: ...a light dress blue
with her new shoes white.)
Adjectives and adverbs
have three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative, superlative.
Examples:
Mary has a smart
child. Sara has a smarter child. Nancy has the smartest child.
Robert is an
intelligent student. William is more intelligent than Robert. Kim is
the most intelligent student.
The red car is
expensive. The white car is less expensive. The blue car is the
least expensive.
I’m a good
painter. She’s a better painter. He’s the best painter.
I’m a bad singer.
She’s a worse singer. He’s the worst singer.
6. PREPOSITION
A preposition usually
shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another part of a sentence.
There are many
prepositions, including: about, above, across, after, against, along, among,
around, as, at, before, behind, below, beneath, between, beyond, beside,
besides, by, down, during, except, from, for, in, inside, into, like, near,
next, of, off, on, out, out of, outside, over, past, round, since, than,
through, till, to, toward, towards, under, underneath, unless, until, upon, up,
with, within, without.
Examples: My pencil is
under my desk by my foot. Martha drove from LA to
NY.
7. CONJUNCTION
A conjunction connects
words, phrases, and clauses.
Coordinate conjunctions
connect words, phrases, and clauses of equal value: and, or, nor, but (and
sometimes for). e.g., The dog and the cat are hungry.
Correlative conjunctions
occur in pairs: both-and, either-or, neither-nor, not only-but also. e.g.,
Both the fish and the snake are thirsty.
Subordinate conjunctions
connect unequal clauses (dependent clauses with independent clauses). They
include: after, although, as, because, before, if, since, than, though, unless,
until, when, where, while. e.g., After they ate, they had dessert.
8. INTERJECTION
An interjection is a word
that expresses feeling or emotion; usually it is followed by an exclamation
mark.
Examples: Oh! Ah! Wow!
Darn! Gosh! Golly! Gee! Ow! Ouch! Yikes! Holy moly! Yippee! Hooray!
Boo! Whew!
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